1、 Sowing seeds

1. Venue selection:
Due to the fact that morel mushrooms belong to the fungal class and do not have the ability to carry out photosynthesis, it is necessary to obtain all nutrients from the cultivation foundation. Therefore, the choice of planting site is very important. Morchella prefers yin and humidity, and requires an artificially created environment of three parts yang and seven parts yin to meet its growth needs. The cultivation of morel mushrooms does not require other cultivation substrates, and the quality of soil directly affects the formation and yield of morel mushroom fruiting bodies. Based on years of research results and experience in large-scale cultivation, sandy loam soil with a sand content of 20% -50% should be selected as the soil, which has good moisturizing effect and soil permeability that meets the requirements. In addition, good water source conditions are crucial for cultivating morel mushrooms, and the site should be selected based on a comprehensive consideration of soil, water sources, and transportation.

2 sowing period:
Sowing should be done during a stable temperature range of 15-18 ℃, usually from late October to November depending on the local climate. In some areas, sowing may be done earlier according to the local climate.

3 Preparation materials (calculated based on one acre of morel mushrooms):
2-3 rolls of sunshade net (45m * 8m with 4 or 6 needles);
70-90 bamboo poles (wooden poles, cement columns) (2.2 meters in length), or existing steel frame sheds;
Nylon cable or laminated film rope 400-500 meters;

4. Land preparation:
Sprinkle 50 pounds of quicklime powder per acre on the selected fields, and then plow them with soil blocks with a particle size of about 3cm,. Straighten and sprinkle gray lines with ropes in the field, with a width of 1.0-1.2m and no length limit. The length can also be determined according to the terrain, leaving 30cm between each box as a box ditch, and tidy up the box surface. If there are many underground pests, pyrethroid pesticides can be sprayed according to the prescribed dosage.

5. Cable laying and shed construction:
Cut the bamboo pole into a length of 2.2 meters. Use an electric drill to drill a cross hole for horizontal and vertical wire pulling. Embed the unperforated end of the bamboo pole into the soil for 25-35 centimeters and compact it. The spacing can be 4 * 4 or 3 * 3 for later operation. In areas with wind and snow, it can be appropriately densified. Use a rope to connect it horizontally and vertically at the top cross hole, and fix it with wooden stakes at both ends of the line. Cover the sunshade net and secure it to the rack.

6 Sowing:

Use 300 bags of seeds per acre, dig out and crush the seeds, and pack them in large containers. Spread the prepared bacterial strains evenly in the prepared compartment, and then cover it evenly with soil with a particle size of 1-3 cm, with a thickness of no more than 3cm.

2、 Management

1. Bacterial management after sowing:

After sowing, the mycelium begins to germinate. Regularly observe the topsoil under the canopy and check the soil moisture. It is best to have cracks when pinching, and keep the moisture content at around 60% -65% and the relative humidity of the air at 80% -85% until the mushrooms come out in the spring of the following year.

2. Arrange nutrition bags:

After 10 days of sowing, it can be observed that the surface of the box gradually turns white. After 15-20 days, most of the soil surface turns white, accompanied by the production of white conidia powder. At this time, nutrient bags can be placed.
Nutrient bag formula: 60-90% wheat, 10-30% husk or sawdust, 5% soil, 1% lime and 1% phosphate fertilizer. Method of production: Place the weighed wheat in a water tank, soak it in water, and add a small amount of lime powder. Soak for about 12-24 hours until the wheat is completely swollen; Remove the wheat and air dry it. Weigh the husks proportionally and pre wet them with water for about 24 hours. If sawdust is used, it must undergo 1-3 months of stacking fermentation. Mix the raw materials evenly according to the proportion, with a moisture content of about 55%, and put them into a specialized plastic bag for nutrition bags of a certain specification. Tie the mouth with a silk film rope and sterilize at 100 ℃ for 12-15 hours under normal pressure. To be used as a backup after cooling.

Hold the produced nutrition bag flat and make a small incision with a knife. The small incision should be tightly pressed against the ground to allow the morel mycelium to quickly grow into the bag. Place two rows parallel at a distance of 60 centimeters on the surface of the cabin. The dosage of nutrient bags per acre is 1500-2000 bags. The placement time of the nutrition bag is 35-50 days, limited to the management of mushroom production when the temperature rises. Remove the nutrition bag.

3. Mushroom management:
After the temperature rises in spring, observe the humidity of the surface every day. If the topsoil has turned white, it is necessary to irrigate and moisturize it, or use "atomization" tools to replenish water. During the replenishment process, a light and frequent spraying method should be adopted to make the topsoil meet the standard. Spray water while observing the growth of weeds inside the box. Sparse weeds are beneficial for the growth of morel mushrooms and can provide warmth, moisture, and insect protection. However, excessive density can affect the light and nutrition of morel mushrooms. During the weeding process, it is strictly prohibited to loosen the topsoil, which may cause mycelial breakage and affect mushroom yield.

3、 Prevention and control of pests and diseases

Due to the fact that artificial cultivation of morel mushrooms mimics wild cultivation, it must comply with its natural growth conditions. There is generally no obvious pest or disease damage inside the greenhouse, and high temperature and humidity during mushroom production can increase the likelihood of pest or disease occurrence. Usually, prevention is the main approach, watering in the morning and evening, and avoiding high temperature watering. Prevent bacterial infections.

4、 Harvesting, pruning, and organizing

The morel mushrooms usually grow from late March to early April, with an average daily temperature of 12-16 degrees Celsius. It takes about 20 days from the initial base to the final shape. When harvesting, it is important to carefully observe the individual size of the morel mushrooms. Timely harvesting is the key to improving yield and quality. The individual size of the morel mushrooms varies, and the cap should be observed during harvesting. The angular grooves on the top of the cap of the young mushrooms are tight and small. As the individual grows, the angular grooves increase, and the nearly circular concave and convex parts at the top gradually become flat, smooth, and shiny. The color changes from dark brown or black to yellow brown or flesh color, and the stem thickens into beige. After harvesting, trim the sediment in the fungal tray with scissors. If there are any wounds or discolored parts on the cap and stem, trim them neatly. The trimming should be done with care, including light handling, light cutting, and light handling, and the grading and trimming should be completed in one go to avoid further grading and damage.

The finished products of morel mushrooms are generally sold as dried products. The drying method refers to ordinary edible mushrooms and traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Dry products must be stored in sealed plastic bags to prevent insect infestation, and low-temperature storage methods can be used if conditions permit.